英文长句复句翻译克服难点窍门

在英语阅读中，我们时长发现一些句式冗长机构复杂的语句文段，往往很难准确的理解并翻译出来。同时因为中文和英文的思维方式的区别，以及语法机构的不同，导致阅读表达的意思难以被表达出来。要想克服英语长难句的翻译，不仅仅要扩充词汇量，更多的也需要语法知识结构的积累。在英语长句的翻译过程中,可以一般采取下列的方法。

1、句式转换法

在翻译过程中，选择把目标句式，复杂长句转化成简单陈述句。原始句式虽然很长，但是可以改成一般语法结构最简单的几个短句，保持语义基本不变，把一些连词等等去掉，同时把一些词语改换成近义词、同义词。改变英语用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念,用汉语则不同改用若干短句,层次分明的阐述。在翻译时候，注意英语和汉语之间的差异,将英语的长句肢解,翻译成汉语的简单句式。

In the process of translation, choose the target sentence, complex long sentences into simple statements. Although the original sentence pattern is very long, it can be changed to the simple sentence with the simplest grammatical structure, the basic semantic remains unchanged, the conjunctions and so on removed, and some words are changed into synonyms and synonyms. Change the length of the sentence with English to express more complex concepts, use different Chinese to use a number of phrases, structured explanation.

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2、逻辑顺序法

不管是英文还是中文叙述，在阐述一个事物时候，按照一定的逻辑顺序分步骤表达的，其中可能包含：动作的先后，时间的先后，地点的转换、空间的转换以及事实正常发展顺序进行陈述的。这些在中文习惯的表达方式里面也同样存在，直接顺从原文的意思逐步分情况表达即可。一般的事物发生发展的情况大致是类似的，按照事实存在的递进关系翻译，不会出错。同时保持与原文内容一致，不发生歧义符合中文表达习惯即可。

No matter English or Chinese narration, elaboration of a thing, according to a certain logical order, step by step expression, which may include: the movement of the first time, the place of conversion, spatial transformation and the normal development of the order of the truth . These expressions also exist in Chinese habits which also exist directly under the meaning of the original text can be divided into sub-conditions can be expressed. The general development of things is generally similar, according to the fact that the progressive relationship between translation, will not go wrong. At the same time keep consistent with the original content, there is no ambiguity in line with Chinese expression habits.

3、拆解分析法

英文和中文一样有自己独特的语法结构，句式总是会有自己的一些固定表达或者固定搭配，英语句式长的原因，一般是采用了复句或者从句，同时有关的形容词、副词状语等等修饰成分比较多，再者含有并列的语法结构。针对这样的句式，需要把句子拆解。同时拆解句子要注意，首先把持句子的主干不变，句子的核心单独拿出来保持语句成分完整，其余的部分定语、状语、同位语、定语从句、状语从句部分均可拆译，翻译时候符合中文表达习惯。

English and Chinese have their own unique grammatical structure, the sentence will always have some of their own fixed expression or fixed collocation, the reasons for the long sentence in English, the general is the use of complex or clause, and related adjectives, adverbial adverbs and so on More modified components, in addition to the syntax of the parallel structure. For such a sentence, the sentence needs to be dismantled. At the same time Super sister sentence should pay attention to, first of all, hold the backbone of the sentence unchanged, the core of the sentence separately to keep the sentence composition is complete, the rest of the attributive, adverbial, appositive, attributive clause, adverbial clause part can be translated, Chinese expression habits.

4、同位替换法

在英语长句中,三个并列的谓语结构,还有一个定语从句,这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义,因此在翻译时,可以采用分句法,按照汉语的习惯把整个句子转化成几个独立的类似排比的句子，事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时,并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法,而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用,这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现

In English long sentences, there are three parallel predicate structures and one attributive clause. These three parallel predicate structures have independent meanings even though they all belong to the same sentence in structure, so they can be used in translation In fact, when translating an English long sentence, it is not merely to use a translation method, but to ask us to put all kinds of sentences into different kinds The method is used in combination, which is also reflected in our example above

以上几点就是针对英语学习中遇到长句复杂句式翻译的要点，毕竟翻译是建立在一定的英语基础知识之上的，如果希望自己的翻译富有内涵或者有文采，那么就需要足够的英语词汇量和扎实的英语语法基础，同时还需要有强烈的语感，这样对于理解翻译英文语句才是最有力的帮助。