英文反义疑问句的分析与小结

反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question或Question tags)即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 陈述部分和疑问部分要么前肯后否，要么前否后肯。这类反义疑问句有时带有感情色彩，表示惊奇，愤怒，讽刺，不服气等。

反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个省略的疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定的，反意疑问句用否定；如果陈述句是否定的，反意疑问句用肯定的。反意疑问句通常由两个词组成：

第一个词是be、情态动词或助动词，若是否定式，not通常要用简略形式；第二个词是人称代词主格(与陈述句的主语相同)。

Kate and Joan can swim, can't they?凯特和琼会游泳，是不是？

Tom won't come, will he?汤姆不会来，对吗？

(1)当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely，no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式：

There're few apples in the basket, are there?   /   He can hardly swim, can he?   /   They seldom come late, do they?

(2)当陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用they或he：

Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they\isn't he？

(3)当陈述部分的主语为everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用it：

Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?

(4)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un,dis-前缀、-less后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词，当肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。

He looks unhappy,doesn’t he?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？  The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she?这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？

(5)陈述部分的谓语是used to时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

(6)陈述部分有had better + v.疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

7)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

(8)陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

(9)陈述部分由neither…nor, either…or连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

(10)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this,疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isn't

(11)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do +主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

(12)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意：Let's开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us开头的祈使句，后用will you? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

(13)陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there?

回答反义疑问句的原则

回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you?你应回答No, I’m not.因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着，对吗)，你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的，还没有睡着)，而不能回答为Yes, I’m not.也不能回答成Yes, I am.

“It is a beautiful flower，isn't it？” “It isn't a beautiful flower，is it？”

上述句子的回答肯定均为“Yes，it is."否定为“No，it isn't."

由上述例子可知，反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联，只需注意事实，肯定即用yes，否定用no，无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。