强调句是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感,为了对句子中的某个部分进行强调,使用的一种修辞形式。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。
强调句的构成
一般的强调句 :It + is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他成分
需要注意 :现在时间为is;过去时间为was;被强调部分为动词外的任何成分;强调对象为人则用who或者that;强调对象为物则只能用that;其他的成分为正常语序。
从句辨析 强调句将句子中的it is / was…that同时省去,句子仍然成立;而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it,成立。
(1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若将It is及that同时省去为:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday.句子同样成立,因此前面的句子是强调句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。
本句若将It is及that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V.显然句子错误,因此,前面句子不是强调句型,而是主语从句。
It was Mr Health’s incomes policy which finally led to his downfall. 最终导致希思先生下台的正是他的收入分配政策。
《朗文高级英语英式词典》make词条 ,It was this movie which made him a star.就是这部电影使他成为明星的。
《牛津英语搭配词典》decisive词条 , ultimately decisive具有最终的决定性
It is the chief executive’s opinion which is ultimately decisive. 政府最高行政长官的意见具有最终的决定作用。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》sure词条 ,It is the self-assurance of the new generation which makes them sure of their success.年轻一代的自信让他们对成功志在必得。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》cumulative词条 ,cumulative累积的;积累的,渐增的
It is simple pleasures, such as a walk on a sunny day, which have a cumulative effect on our mood.一些简单的娱乐,譬如在一个阳光明媚的日子散步,就能使我们的心情更愉快。
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1.强调句与定语从句的比较
强调句中的It没有实际意义,It be与that可同时被省略;而定语从句中的It是主语,It be与that不可同时省略;
1)强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致;而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定
2)强调句将句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名词是事物时,也不能将that换成which;而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略,并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。
3)当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时,引导词可用that / which;而作其他成分时,引导词须用when / which。
(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday.它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is that?问句的回答,that所引导的是定语从句,that可被省略)
(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings.它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明,它是定语从句)
It was in the room that we used to have meetings.过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分,本句是强调句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory.这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。(when所引导的从句对a day进行说明,是定语从句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory.就在那一天,人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)
2.强调句与状语从句的比较
状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语;而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。
状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。
状语从句的引导词可以是when / where,而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。
1)It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much.它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much.我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)
(比较:It is such an interesting book as we all like very much.这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的有趣的书。定语从句)
2)It was already morning when he woke up.当他醒来时,已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up.就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)
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