有一定的英语基础的同学,或者热爱阅读英语原版读物的人们,在文段中会遇到“虚拟语气”,关于英语语法当中,有一块特别的句型和句式,用于表达一种限定的情形,不论事物是否真实存在,都是可以表达一种带有特殊的主观情感色色在里面的。
1、关于英语虚拟语气的定义或者阐述,
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
在条件句中的应用,我们知道英语当中,条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
(1) 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。
句型: 条件从句用一般现在时, 主句用shall/will +动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.
注意:
1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
If you leave now, you will never regret it.
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2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句,可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 : 条件从句一般过去时, 主句 用should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型: 条件从句过去完成时 , 主句用should(would) have+过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型: 条件从句 一般过去时, 主句用should +动词原形
条件从句were+不定式 ,主句用would +动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可将if省略,再把were, should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.,而不能说Weren't I to do.
虚拟语气的运用能够灵活运用,可以彰显英语学习者对这一语法结构的掌握能力,尤其是在英语阅读板块中,虚拟语气句式可以直接影响能否理解文章语境的,如果不能掌握好,可能会对文章表达的中心主旨或结论有错误和判断。同时在英语写作当中,如果出现了虚拟语气句式,是会大大增加文章的语法功底的,会让英语作文更加引人注意。
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