西安下着下着成了长安;
洛阳下着下着成了神都;
开封下着下着成了汴梁;
南京下着下着成了金陵;
鲨鱼被冻僵了,海龟也被冻僵了,企鹅被转移到了温室,爱斯基摩人来了都想哭着回北极!
The US National Weather Service (NWS) said the temperature in New York City had reached an all-time low for January 6 of -13C (8F).
美国国家气象局称,1月6日纽约市的气温为零下13摄氏度,创历史新低。
暴风雪带给北美人民一个白色圣诞节,也给他们的生活带来不小的影响。
Thousands of flights from the city's John F Kennedy airport were delayed by blizzard conditions, and other airports in the eastern US also suffered problems.
纽约州约翰肯尼迪机场的数千架航班因暴风雪天气延误,美国东部的其他机场也遭遇了相同的境况。
More than 1ft (30cm) of snow blanketed parts of US states including Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maine and New Hampshire, according to the NWS.
据美国国家气象局称,马萨诸塞州、康涅狄格州、缅因州和新罕布什尔州等地积雪厚度超过30厘米。
一些地区的积雪厚度甚至超过1米。
不少身在美国南方的老外有生以来第一次看到雪景,自然难掩激动:
而美国的邻居加拿大也好不到哪儿去。
In eastern Canada, temperatures close to -50C (-58F) were forecast for northern Ontario and Quebec. Toronto airport has also experienced delays and cancellations.
在加拿大东部,安大略北部和魁北克气温预计将接近零下50摄氏度。多伦多机场已经出现航班延误和取消的情况。
有加拿大网友晒出一张冻在空中的泡面照片,被网友戏称“加拿大式吃面”。
此外,从12月以来,暴风雪、风暴等极端天气也在欧洲多国肆虐。例如,英国在上月出现4年来最大降雪,第二大城市伯明翰的机场及伦敦卢顿机场一度关闭以便清理跑道积雪,导致航空交通大混乱。近日,风暴“埃莉诺”又侵袭欧洲多个国家,部分地区遭到暴风和强雨雪天气的严重影响。
跟随冷空气来袭的,除了风雪,还有流感!
Flu outbreaks are up across China compared with previous years, but the epidemic remains at normal levels and is much less severe than the SARS outbreak, said He Xiong, deputy director of the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
北京市疾病预防控制中心副主任贺雄表示,全国范围内流感爆发的病例数量与往年相比有所增加,但是疫情仍在正常水平,其严重程度与SARS相去甚远。
季节性流感病毒(seasonal influenza virus)分为甲型(Influenza A viruses)和乙型(Influenza B viruses),其中甲型分为甲1型(H1N1)和甲3型(H3N2),乙型分为B/Yamagata(BY))和B/Victoria系(BV)。根据国家卫计委信息显示,目前我国三种型别的流感病毒同时流行,包括H1N1、H3N2和乙型BY系,以乙型BY系为主。
据世界卫生组织官网的介绍,季节性流感是一种急性病毒感染(an acute viral infection),很容易在人与人之间传播。
季节性流感的症状有:
a sudden onset of fever, cough (usually dry), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise (feeling unwell), sore throat and a runny nose. The cough can be severe and can last 2 or more weeks. Most people recover from fever and other symptoms within a week without requiring medical attention.
突发高热,咳嗽(通常是干咳),头痛,肌肉和关节痛,严重身体不适(感觉不适),咽痛和流鼻涕。咳嗽可以很严重,可持续两周或两周以上。多数人在一周内康复,发热和其它症状消失,无需就医。
各类人群均有可能感染流感病毒,但是以下这些高危人群感染病毒以后病情加重或发生并发症的风险更高(at greater risk of severe disease or complications when infected):
pregnant women, children under 59 months, the elderly, individuals with chronic medical conditions (such as chronic cardiac, pulmonary, renal, metabolic, neurodevelopmental, liver or hematologic diseases) and individuals with immunosuppressive conditions (such as HIV/AIDS, receiving chemotherapy or steroids, or malignancy).
孕妇、5岁以下儿童、老年人、慢性病患者(比如,慢性心脏病、肺病、肾病、代谢疾病、神经发育疾病、肝病或者血液病)以及抑制免疫类疾病患者(比如,艾滋病患者、化疗病人或服用类固醇的患者、恶性肿瘤患者)。
此外,每天接触大量患者的医务人员(health care workers)也是感染流感病毒的高危人群。
疾控专家表示,当前的季节性流感与SARS在病原(pathogen)、传播力(transmissibility)、致死力(lethality)方面都有所不同,“今年乙型流感堪比SARS”的说法并不靠谱。
如何防控流感
世界卫生组织官网表示,预防流感最有效的方式就是接种疫苗(vaccination),感染病毒以后要根据实际情况考虑进行抗病毒治疗(antiviral treatment)。
日常的个人防护措施(personal protective measures)包括:
Regular hand washing with proper drying of the hands
多洗手并注意擦干
Good respiratory hygiene – covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, using tissues and disposing of them correctly
注意呼吸系统卫生——咳嗽或打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻,用过的纸巾要妥善处理
Early self-isolation of those feeling unwell, feverish and having other symptoms of influenza
出现身体不适或发烧等流感症状时尽早进行自我隔离
Avoiding close contact with sick people
避免与感染流感患者密切接触
Avoiding touching one’s eyes, nose or mouth
避免接触眼口鼻
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