英语词汇在运用中的不同功能释义

动词的使动用法

动词是英语中词类中最为活跃的成分，至今对于动词的使用我一直是胆战心惊的，现介绍一些使动用法共勉。

1.I slowly walked my horse up the hill.我慢慢地带马上山。

2.The ran the ship aground.他们把船开到滩上去了。

3.The swam their horses in the river.他们使马泅水渡河。

4.I laid myself down to rest my wearied limbs.我躺下来好让疲惫的腿休息一下。

5.They rode out the storm.他们安然渡过风暴

其实，研究动词个人认为，要把握后面有无宾语；宾语是人还是物；是什么样的宾语。欢迎网友探讨，动词的学习研讨方法。

同系宾语

1. I dreamed a strange dream.

2.He slept the sleep that knows no waking.

3.I have fought a good fight.

一、在同系宾语上附有修饰形容词时，通常可换成态度副词。

live a long life = live long;

live a happy life = live happily;

die a national death = die nationally;

die a violent death = die by violence

二、有的宾语与动词不同语源，但意义相通，也可以视为同类。

run a race; run a course; run one's career;

fight a battle; blow a gale; strike a blow;

ring a peal; wreak one's vengeance

三、以it构成的类型：

I am determined to fight it out。我决心奋斗到底。

He is starring it in the provinces.他到各地巡回演出。

We had to walk it in the rain.我们不得不冒雨而行。

Can't you swim it?你游不过去吗？

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四、在某些熟语中可将同系宾语省略，如look thanks = look a look of thanks

He looked the thanks he could not express.他眼中现出言语无法表达的感谢。

She left the room, looking daggers at me.她以短剑相刺的目光望着我，走出了房间。

五、最高级形容词后，可以省略同系宾语。

The lady was lerrorst(look).

She sang her sweest(song) to please him.

第六部分 一组词组

1.all＋抽象名词/抽象名词＋itself＝very + adj.

He was all gentleness to her.他对她非常温存。

To his superiors, he is humility itself。对于长辈，他极为谦逊。

分析：该结构原来是表示某种性质达到极点的一种说法，有“非常”、“尽管”、“一味”、“尽”的含义，有时甚至可以译为“。。。。的化身”、“。。。。的具体化”。普通复数名词用于“all”之后，也是表达这种概念。

He is all smiles.他一味地笑。

She is all eyes.她盯着看。

I am all anxiety.我真担心。

He is all attention.他全神贯注地听着。

2.Something (much) of / nothing (little) of

Mr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲学家风范。

Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吴先生全无音乐家的风味。

Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陆先生大有诗人气派。

Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.刘先生几无学者风度。

分析：此为表示“程度”的形容词短语，有时可以当作副词翻译。

Something of＝to some extent（某程度），在问句和条件句中则用anyting of（略有、多少）。nothing of译作“全无、毫无”。

相类似的情况：

to be something of = to have something of +名词＋in＋代名词

He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫无演说家的才能。

这类名词的用法，可以处理为副词。

He has seen something of life.他略具阅历。他稍阅世。

Something of与something like区别：程度上有差异。

something like＝something approximateing in character or amount指数量或性质略同的事物，又作somewhat(似乎、略微)解释。

This is something like a pudding.此物略似布丁。

It shaped something like a cigar.其形状略似雪茄。