英语,对我们来说是一门外语,从认识ABCD开始,到熟练掌握,再到灵活应用、与母语无异,这中间不知要付出多少努力。我们今天来了解一下学习语言的这几个级别用英语怎么表达。
按从低级到高级的顺序介绍:
1. 不会说:
(1)can't speak:
例:
Several children in the class can't speak
English.(班上一些学生不会说英语。)
(2)don't speak a word of...:
例:
I don't speak a word of French.(法语我一点不会。)
2. 只知道一点:
(1)know a few words: to
be able to speak a few words of a language只会讲一点点某种语言
例:
''Do you speak Korean?'' ''I only know a
few words.''(-你会讲韩语吗? -只会讲一点点。)
I used to know a few words of German but I've
forgotten them all.(我以前会讲一点德语,但现在已经忘光了。)
(2)broken English/ French etc.: English, French etc. that is spoken slowly and badly by someone
who only knows a little of the language 某种语言讲得很烂
例:
The two students, one Chinese, the other
Greek, communicated in broken English.(一个中国学生和一个希腊学生,用蹩脚的英语交谈。)
3. 没有掌握很多,但掌握了一些常用说法:
have a smattering of : to be able to speak a small but useful amount of a language (smatter:一知半解)
例:
Martin is fluent in French, and also has a
smattering of Swedish.(马丁法语说得很流利,并且瑞典语也能说一些常用的。)
4. 掌握一门语言,可以用它进行日常对话(讨价还价、求助等等):
get by: to speak enough of a language to be able to buy things, ask for
help etc.
例:
He went to Tokyo and within a few weeks knew
enough Japanese to get by.(到了东京,他花了几周时间,就掌握了基本的日语,可以进行日常对话了。)
备注:
''get by''的原意是''to have enough money to buy the things you need, but no more''(只够支付日常开销,无剩余)
如:I don't earn
a huge salary, but we get by.(我工资不高,但也够我们日常开销。)
这里引申到语言学习中。
5. 掌握一门语言,听说读都没问题:
know: to be able to speak, read and understand some of a particular
foreign language
例:
I know enough Italian to travel
around there.(我意大利语已经很好了,在意大利旅行没问题。)
6. 流利:
fluent: very good at speaking a foreign language, so that you can speak it
quickly without stopping and you can understand it very well
例:
Applicants should be fluent in
Cantonese.(申请者要求粤语流利。)
Ann speaks fluent Italian.(安的意大利语很流利。)
7. 以该语言作为母语的人士:
native speaker: learned a particular language as their first language as a child
例:
One of my best dreams is to speak English
as a native speaker.(我最大的愿望,就是把英语说得跟老外一样好。)
8. 除了英语,还掌握其他语言:
(1)掌握两种语言:bilingual:able to speak two languages very
well
例:
These kids are bilingual.(这些孩子能讲两种语言。)
Louis is virtually bilingual in Dutch
and German.(路易斯差不多荷兰语、德语都能说。)
(2)掌握多种语言:multilingual:able to speak several languages
very well
例:
Many people who work at the European
Parliament are multilingual.(欧洲议会的许多工作人员都掌握了多国语言。)