在正式讲解之前,我们来先看两句话:
(一):电影《逍遥法外》
I have a note to miss fifth and
sixth period today. Doctor's appointment.(我今天第5、6两节课要请假去看医生。)
解析:这里的note指“请假条”,美式英语中常用''excuse'',英式英语中常用''sick note''。
(二):美剧《老爸老妈浪漫史》
Fake emergency? That’s the lamest, most
pathetic cop-out in the book.(骗人的紧急情况啊?那可是史上最蹩脚最牵强的借口了。)
解析:这里的cop-out指“借口”,是口语的说法,书面语不能用这个,得用excuse。
以此为契机,这一讲来讲下excuse的用法。
1. 与动词的搭配:找借口的几种说法
①
make up/ think up/ invent an
excuse: 编个理由,找个借口
例:
I made up some excuses about my car
breaking down. (我编了些借口说我车坏了。)
We'd better think up an excuse, fast! (我们最好编个理由,赶紧的!)
②
make excuses for
somebody/something: 找借口开脱
例:
His mother is always making excuses for his
son's behavior. (他母亲总为自己儿子的行为找理由来开脱。)
③
use something as an excuse: 把……作为理由
例:
She never complained or used her illness as
an excuse. (她从不抱怨,也不把生病作为理由。)
④
look for an excuse:找借口
例:
I began to look for excuses to avoid seeing
him. (我开始找借口避免见他。)
⑤
give an excuse: 找借口说给某人听
例:
I'll have to give my boss some kind of
excuse. (我得找些借口说给我的老板。)
⑥ believe/accept
an excuse:
例:
She didn't believe his excuse for one
minute.(她根本不相信他的理由。)
⑥
have no excuse: 没有理由
例:
Companies have no excuse for breaking the
law. (公司没有理由触犯法律。)
2. 与形容词的搭配:好借口、烂借口、蹩脚的借口……该怎么说?
①
a good excuse: 好借口/好理由
例:
A sunny day is a good excuse to go to the
beach. (正好趁晴天去海边。)
②
a wonderful excuse: 很棒的理由
例:
A wedding is a wonderful excuse to buy a
new outfit. (趁着婚礼,正好买套新衣服。)
备注:wonderful比good更进一步,means ''very good''。
③
a reasonable/plausible
excuse:=one that other people will believe可信的理由
例:
If your train was canceled, it was a
perfectly reasonable excuse.(如果你那趟列车被取消了,这个理由就太完美了。)
④
a legitimate/valid excuse: 合情合理的理由
例:
He didn't have a legitimate excuse for
being late. (他没有为自己的迟到给出合理的解释。)
备注:legitimate/valid=fair,
reasonable
⑤
the perfect excuse: 完美的理由/借口
例:
The phone call gave me the perfect excuse
to leave. (这通电话给了我完美的借口离场。)
⑥
a feeble/flimsy/weak excuse:=one that is difficult to believe不足信的借口
例:
John muttered some feeble excuses about
having a headache. (约翰嘟囔着头疼这种不可信的借口。)
⑦
a pathetic/lame excuse:=very weak蹩脚、非常不可信的理由
例:
That's the most pathetic excuse I've ever
heard. (这是我听过的最蠢的借口。)
⑧
the usual excuse/ the same
old excuse 老生常谈的借口,老招儿
例:
He made the usual excuse for not coming. (他又用老一套借口来解释自己没来的原因。)
Whenever the trains are late, it's always
the same old excuse.(每次列车晚点,原因都一样,老生常谈。)
总结一下,上面的“借口”可以分成3类(按程度不同记忆):
好借口 |
好 |
a good excuse |
非常好 |
a wonderful excuse |
|
合理、可信 |
a reasonable/plausible excuse, a
legitimate/valid excuse |
|
完美 |
the perfect excuse |
|
烂借口 |
不足信 |
a feeble/flimsy/weak excuse |
蹩脚、非常不可信 |
a pathetic/lame excuse |
|
老借口 |
老生常谈 |
the usual excuse/ the same old excuse |
3.相关词组
①use every excuse in the book:=use
every possible excuse 找尽一切借口
例:
He used every excuse in the book to avoid
seeing the doctor.(他找尽一切借口不去看医生。)
②at the slightest excuse:=for any
reason, however unimportant 找各种(无足轻重的)理由
例:
She came to our house at the slightest
excuse.(她找了各种各样鸡毛蒜皮的理由来我们家。)