我们都知道在汉语中,对不同的亲属称谓不同,不但有父系和母系的区别,还有南北地域差异。相比之下,很多人觉得英语中的亲戚关系就简单多了,不管叔叔舅舅姑父姨夫,都是uncle,不管祖父祖母外公外婆,都是grandparent。
但你知道third cousin,second cousin once removed是什么吗?下面我们就来认识一下这些常用英语口语中的“远房亲戚”。
Let's start with the first generally well-known circle beyond the nuclear family of parents and siblings: parents of your parents are your grandparents; children of your siblings are nieces and nephews; siblings of your parents are aunts and uncles; children of your aunts and uncles are first cousins.
让我们先从众所周知的核心家庭圈,也就是父母和兄弟姐妹开始:你父母的父母是你的grandparents(祖父母);你兄弟姐妹的子女是你的nieces和nephews(侄女侄子、外甥/外甥女);你父母的兄弟姐妹是你的aunts和uncles(阿姨/姑姑、叔伯/舅舅);你的阿姨/姑姑或叔伯/舅舅的子女是你的first cousins(堂/表兄弟姐妹)。
All that's pretty familiar territory.
这些都是大家非常熟悉的亲戚。
Taking a peek next at the most direct line of the generations that precede us, we have greats and grands: your grandparents' parents are your great-grandparents; their parents are your great-great-grandparents, and so on. And just as your parents' siblings are aunts and uncles, so are your grandparents' siblings great-aunts (or grandaunts) and great-uncles (or granduncles), and your great-grandparents' siblings great-great-aunts and great-great-uncles, and so on.
接下来,再来看看我们祖辈和曾祖辈的直系亲属:你祖父母的父母是你的great-grandparents(曾祖父母);他们的父母是你的great-great-grandparents(高祖父母)等等。你父母的兄弟姐妹是你的aunts和uncles,所以你祖父母的兄弟姐妹就是great-aunts或grandaunts和great-uncles或granduncles,而你高祖父母的兄弟姐妹是great-great-aunts和great-great-uncles等等。
以上亲属的英文称呼我们都比较熟悉,但是从cousin开始,你可能就要被绕糊涂了。
First cousins
你的first cousins(一代表亲)是家族中和你有同样的(外)祖父母的人。换句话说,他们是你父母的亲兄弟亲姐妹的孩子。
Second Cousins
你的second cousins是家族中和你有同样的曾(外)祖父母的人。也就是说,你们的(外)祖父母是亲生的兄弟姐妹。
以此类推,还有third, fourth, and fifth cousins……。
还有一种cousins,叫first cousins once removed,“隔了一代的第一代表亲”又是什么意思呢?
First cousins once removed
The degree of a cousin (first, second, third, etc.) doesn't change between generations, but the word removed is used to signal a different generation. Your first cousin —let's say it's Sue— is also a first cousin to your own child, but is removed by a generation, making Sue your child's first cousin once removed.
表亲关系不管是一代、二代还是三代的,都不因为辈分变化而变化,而removed这个单词是用来表示两人不属于同一辈的情况。假设苏是你的第一代表亲,那么她也是你孩子的第一代表亲,但是这中间差了一辈,因此苏就是你孩子的first cousin once removed。
Removed表示两个人不是一代人。你和你的first cousin是一代人,所以你们之间不能说removed。而你的first cousin和你的子女不是一代人,两个人之间差一个辈分就是once removed,如果差两个辈分就是first cousin twice removed。
如果你明白了以上的规律,那么就不难理解second cousin once removed的意思。
原帖地址:
http://bbs.acadsoc.com.cn/thread-11742-1-1.html