强调句是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感,为了对句子中的某个部分进行强调,使用的一种修辞形式。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。
强调句的构成
一般的强调句 :It + is (was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他成分
英语外教专业课程: http://www.acadsoc.com.cn/lps/lp4.htm?search=403399
需要注意
:现在时间为is;过去时间为was;被强调部分为动词外的任何成分;强调对象为人则用who或者that;强调对象为物则只能用that;其他的成分为正常语序。
从句辨析
强调句将句子中的it is / was …that同时省去,句子仍然成立;而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it,成立。
(1) It is Li Lei’s brother
that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立,因此前面的句子是强调句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded
in sending up Shenzhou V. 我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。
本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误,因此,前面句子不是强调句型,而是主语从句。
It was Mr Health’s incomes policy which finally led to his
downfall.
最终导致希思先生下台的正是他的收入分配政策。
《朗文高级英语英式词典》make词条 ,It was this
movie which made him a star. 就是这部电影使他成为明星的。
《牛津英语搭配词典》decisive词条 , ultimately decisive 具有最终的决定性
It is the chief executive’s opinion which
is ultimately decisive. 政府最高行政长官的意见具有最终的决定作用。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》sure词条 , It is the
self-assurance of the new generation which makes them sure of their success. 年轻一代的自信让他们对成功志在必得。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》cumulative词条
,cumulative累积的;积累的,渐增的
It is simple pleasures, such as a walk on a
sunny day, which have a cumulative effect on our mood.一些简单的娱乐,譬如在一个阳光明媚的日子散步,就能使我们的心情更愉快。
(1)强调句与定语从句的比较
强调句中的It没有实际意义,It be与that可同时被省略;而定语从句中的It是主语,It be与that不可同时省略;
1)强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致;而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定
2)强调句将句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名词是事物时,也不能将that换成which;而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略,并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。
3)当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时,引导词可用that / which;而作其他成分时,引导词须用when / which。
(1)It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is
that?问句的回答,that所引导的是定语从句,that可被省略)
(2) It was a room where we used to have
meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明,它是定语从句)
It was in the room that we used to have
meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分,本句是强调句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate
their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明,是定语从句)
It was on that day that people celebrated
their victory. 就在那一天,人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)
(2)强调句与状语从句的比较
状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语;而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。
状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。
状语从句的引导词可以是when / where,而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。
1)It is such an
interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all
like very much. 我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)
(比较:It is such an
interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的有趣的书。定语从句)
2) It was already
morning when he woke up. 当他醒来时,已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next
morning)
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