1. knock off/knock up: to make something quickly and without using much effort

备注：''knock off/knock up''常用于非正式的场合。

例：

knock off/up something

She was always good on the sewing machine. She could knock off an outfit in two hours. （她缝纫机用得非常熟练，两小时内就能赶出一套衣服。）

knock somebody up something（备注：''knock somebody up something''常用于英式英语中。）

I could knock you up a couple of poached eggs. （我可以马上给你煮两个荷包蛋。）

Michael knocked up a shed in the back garden. （迈克尔在后花园里草草地盖了个小木屋。）

2. throw together: to make something quickly and not very carefully, especially because you are in a hurry

例：

throw together something

He had thrown together his costume somewhat haphazardly. （他给自己胡乱赶制出了一套服装。）

throw something together

We have 15 minutes to throw lunch together, eat, and get changed. （我们有15分钟，可以快快做个午饭，吃了然后赶紧换衣服。）

There's lots of food in the fridge - I'm sure I can throw something together. （冰箱里有很多食材，我肯定能整点吃的出来。）

3. rig up: to quickly make something such as a piece of equipment that you only need for a short time, using various materials that you have available

例：

rig up something

You don't have blinds or curtains so you'll need to rig up something to shut out the sunlight. （你既没有百叶窗也没有窗帘，你得先弄点什么东西把窗户遮住，别让太阳照进来。）

rig something up

Can you rig a gate up to stop the dog getting into my room?（你能不能先随便做个门，别让狗进我房间。）

There's a shower rigged up at the back of the cabin. （小木屋后面有个简易的洗澡间。）

4. cobble together: to quickly and roughly make something by hand, using a few simple materials

例：

cobble together something

She cobbled together a tent from a few pieces of string and a sheet. （她用几根绳子和一个床单支了个简易帐篷。）

5. run up: to quickly make a piece of clothing or some curtains, especially using a sewing machine

备注：这里的''run up''指“使用缝纫机赶制加工”，常用于英式英语中。

例：

There's a woman at the end of our street who will run up some curtains for me. （街那头住着个妇人，可以帮人赶制窗帘。）

"I like your dress." "Oh, thank you. It's just something I ran up last night."（-我很喜欢你的裙子。 -呵呵，谢谢，我昨晚赶制的。）

6. improvise: to make something using whatever you have available, when you do not have the correct materials

例：

They had improvised an alarm, using string and empty cans. （他们用绳子和空罐子做了个简易的警钟。）

There were no nappies, so we had to improvise with what we could find. （没有尿布，我们只好找点东西替代一下。）

7. makeshift: made using any materials or objects that are available at the time in order to be used only for a short time

例：

Using an old tree-trunk as a makeshift table, we ate our picnic. （我们用树桩子当野餐桌。）

When we reached the river we found that the makeshift bridge had been swept away. （我们到河边才发现简易桥已经被冲毁了。）

They rigged up the canvas boat-cover as a makeshift sail. （他们用帆布船罩做成了一个简易的船帆。）